Louis Kahn, Salk Institute, La Jolla, California, 1959-1965 Assignment

Louis Kahn, Salk Institute, La Jolla, California, 1959-1965 - Assignment Example The Salk compound is at the focal point of the huge yard that has indistinguishable solid lines of research facility space and workplaces. Toward the finish of the yard is a grand perspective on the Pacific, combined with the mitigating wellspring sounds. Planned by Louis Khan, the yard is the fundamental feature of the site. The patio is enlivened by Louis Barragan, a Mexican modeler. Khan had at first intended to have plants and trees at the yard yet was exhorted by Barragan against that choice (Treib). It empowered Khan to concoct a stone court that made an open inclination with the enormous sky; it additionally had a water highlight (Anderson). Initially, the structures were worked by various concrete blends with different hues; this is clear in the storm cellar of the complex. Khan acquainted wood with praise with the concrete. Inside, the structures have no dividers; this is an advancement of joint effort. The storm cellar has one story with another two stories existing above it, on the two sides (Anderson).Lighting installations as simple slide rails have likewise been utilized to advance coordinated effort. Roman strategies are clear in the design as the solid was made from volcanic debris to make a pinkish gleam. Every research facility square comprises of five examination towers each containing workplaces, yet those at the passageways comprises of just two investigation towers. The corner to corner dividers empower every one of the thirty-six researchers in the examinations to have a perspective on the Pacific. The first structure of this complex had gathering structures and living quarters however were never

Special Education Essay -- Education Teaching

Presentation Since the death of The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), schools are required to serve all understudies paying little heed to their handicap in a least prohibitive condition. Because of increment in the quantity of understudies being distinguished and set by and large instruction study halls, instructors can hope to serve understudies with handicaps. It is essential to comprehend the various sorts of incapacities, the qualities of these handicaps, and causes; so as to guarantee the achievement of understudies. This paper will characterize extreme inabilities, mental hindrance, horrible mind injury, chemical imbalance, and hard of hearing visual impairment. Moreover, this paper will address the attributes and reasons for every incapacity. Meaning of Severe Disabilities There are a wide range of definitions used to characterize the importance of extreme inabilities, a general definition for serious handicaps is any incapacity that essentially constrains an individual's physical, mental or passionate execution, and requires progressing broad help in more than one significant life movement so as to take an interest completely in training, network settings or work. Concurring, to Heward (2009), extreme handicaps incorporates, â€Å"students with huge incapacities in scholarly, physical, and additionally social working, understudies that have different inabilities or hard of hearing visual deficiency, understudies with serious mental hindrance, serious enthusiastic unsettling influence, and extreme incapacities or wellbeing debilitations are enveloped by the term† (p.453). Attributes of Severe Disabilities Contingent on, the mix and seriousness of incapacities, and the age of the individual with extreme inabilities they may show a wide scope of qualities, be that as it may, â€Å"one characterizing trademark ... ...ents that has at least one disabilites. By having a superior comprehension of the defintion, attributes, and reasons for these disabiliteis instructors can be more ready to instuct their understudies. By increasing a superior understanding of theories understudies and how they learn, teachers can utilize powerful methodologies to guarantee the achievement all things considered. Works Cited Heward, W. L. (2009). Remarkable youngsters: A prologue to a custom curriculum (ninth ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities. (2004). Inabilities Fact Sheet. Recovered January 8, 2011 from http://www.nichcy.org/InformationResources/Documents/NICHCY%20PUBS/fs10.pdf National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. (n.d.). Awful Brain Injury Information Page. Recovered January 8, 2011 from http://www.ninds.nih.gov/scatters/tbi/tbi.htm

Job Satisfaction for Linguistic and Philosophical Investigations

Question: Examine about theJob Satisfaction for Linguistic and Philosophical Investigations. Answer: The picked theme for the task is work fulfillment. Employment fulfillment is the degree of satisfaction that the people get while they are into an occupations. It incorporates the elements whether they like their occupations or they are doing it mightily. It incorporates certain conduct parts that are identified with their employments. It is significant for a person to land fulfilled in their position fields. It very well may be seen by and large that the people face certain issues in their activity fields. They face conduct gives that turns into a worry for the people and they become reluctant to work in the association. At first cash was viewed as the primary factor of fulfillment for the representatives (Huang et al. 2016). Later with the cash the activity profile was viewed as one of the most significant part of an occupation. It is significant for the workers to be fulfilled of their occupations. On the off chance that they can't care for their activity they will always be unable to do equity to the activity. They will need thei r obligation to serve the association as they won't have the option to put forth a valiant effort. There are numerous models of occupation fulfillment that will be investigated in the conversation zone. It is characteristic of the practices that happen in the associations. Occupation fulfillment is subject to scarcely any components like the earth of the working environment, it is reliant on the conduct of the administrators and the people of the administration (Zablah et al. 2016). There are sure strategies or models of the activity fulfillment out of which the influence hypothesis is a significant hypothesis. The first hypothesis is the influence hypothesis. This is the hypothesis that has been proposed by Edwin A. Locke (Reilly et al. 2014). As indicated by this hypothesis, the primary reason is that by work fulfillment an individual methods what one finds in a line of work and what one needs. The fulfillment and the disappointment of the activity relies on the reality whether the people got the things they needed or whether they didn't get the things they needed in their activity. It shifts from one representative to other. For some situation the representatives inclines toward self-governance in the activity and in other case the other worker doesn't like so. This hypothesis likewise uncover the way that abundance measure of specific aspect will create more grounded sentiments of disappointment. The sentiments of disappointment becomes more grounded when a laborer esteems more the specific feature that is the explanation of his disappointment (Gabriel et al. 2014). The other hypothesis is the dispositional approach hypothesis (Judge et al. 2017). This hypothesis recommends that the people fluctuate in their inclination to be happy with their employments. The activity fulfillment can be viewed as an individual attribute. The desire for fulfillment of an individual is a steady procedure. It's anything but an evolving procedure. It stays stable after some time and across different occupations and vocations. This models have expressed that as indicated by the examination the indistinguishable twins who was raised separated have same degree of desire for work fulfillment (Korsgaard, Meglino and Call 2015). The other hypothesis incorporates the value hypothesis. As indicated by this hypothesis, the individual perspectives decency as to the social connections, for example, with a business. In this the individual distinguishes the measure of things picked up from a relationship and contrasts the equivalent and the yield that is the things that is given out. This is done so as to deliver a proportion of yield and info (Lazaroiu 2015). This hypothesis recommends that in the event that there is a disparity between the two people or two social gatherings, the likely circumstance that the individual can experience is pressure. This is on the grounds that a uniqueness that may happen between the relationship of info and yield. This is clarified better with the assistance of a model. In the event that two representatives have been employed by the organization with a similar activity profile and in the event that one is getting high installment contrasted with the other, the person who is getting less paid will experience the circumstance of pain in the work environment. In the other circumstance if both the representatives gets equivalent compensation, with equivalent duties, the sentiment of value will be kept up that will be sound for the association. The hypothesis has been bolstered numerous analyst, who have thought of different proposals of the hypothesis. A few clinicians opined the way that there are three degree of conduct reaction examples to the circumstances that apparent value or disparity. These are the altruistic conduct, conduct that is touchy to value and entitled conduct. The big-hearted conduct incorporate the way that the workers are fulfilled when they are under-reward while they are contrasted and their collaborators. The value touchy incorporates that everybody ought to be accepted and they ought to be decently remunerated. The entitled incorporates that the people accept that all that they get from the association they work is those things that thei r simply due (Cappelen et al. 2014). In this setting the disparity hypothesis ought to be viewed as a significant hypothesis that can be examined. This incorporate the idea that is utilized to clarify a definitive wellspring of nervousness and despondency. This is experienced by the representatives when he can't satisfy his obligations and duties (Hardin and Donaldson 2014). In such cases he experiences the sentiment of nervousness and he laments over the circumstance for not performing great. The sentiments of discouragement comes soon after this. This hypothesis contains the way that the people will figure out how to take their obligations and duties. They generally feel down and out when they can't accomplish their expectations and their desires. In this the people figure out how to satisfy their commitments and their expectations. The people figure out how to satisfy their obligations and their duties and in the event that they can't do so they will be rebuffed. With the progression of time the obligations and the d uties become standards which can be utilized as an instrument of self-direct. This hypothesis additionally clarifies that in the event that the accomplishment of the commitment is acquired then the prize can be commendation, endorsement or love. The people gain regard from this. The disappointment increments when the workers neglects to acquire regard, prizes and they are loaded up with the sentiment of downfall and thus for the most part feel discouraged and in this way experience the ill effects of melancholy (Dobrow et al. 2015). The other model of employment disappointment is the two-factor hypothesis. This is in some cases known as the spark cleanliness hypothesis. This hypothesis was presented by Frederick Herzberg. This hypothesis incorporated the elements like fulfillment and inspiration in the work environment. As indicated by this hypothesis, the elements like fulfillment and disappointment are guided by various elements like inspiration and cleanliness factors. A worker requires consistent inspiration from his directors so as to perform well and to complete all the activity duties (Bakker and Demerouti 2014). Inspiration is typically observed as an internal power. Propelling variables are those that parts of the activity that make individuals need to perform. It expands the resolution of the representatives to work. It improves the desire of the representatives to perform well in the association and to accomplish the objectives of the association. When the people achieve the authoritative objective, t he individual accomplishes fulfillment of employment. The other perspective that is remembered for the hypothesis is the factor of cleanliness. This incorporates the angles that are identified with the workplace. This generally incorporate the installment structure of the organization, the approaches of the organization and the practices that are received by the directors. (Argyris 2017) The last model incorporates the activity qualities model. This model was proposed by Hackman and Oldham. This model opines the way that there are sure basic qualities of the activity that are answerable for the activity fulfillment. Everybody isn't impacted by this. The people who need to accomplish high targets and development require quality. They are exceptionally influenced by the qualities of the activity. This requires the advancement of new abilities that are required for the activity (Serhan, Tsangari and Business 2015). While finishing up this can be referenced that there are numerous variables that impact the alternative of occupation fulfillment. These elements incorporate the natural variables which incorporates the factor of correspondence over-burden and underload. The other piece of this is the predominant subordinate correspondence. The individual factor is another central point of employment fulfillment. This incorporates feeling, hereditary qualities just as character. The other factor that impacts the activity fulfillment is the mental prosperity of a person. Aside from this the associations with the individuals in the working spot and the down to earth ramifications of the equivalent has tremendous effect on the factor of employment fulfillment. Occupation fulfillment influences the association as well as the associations. On the off chance that the laborers in an association is disappointed the association itself gets disappointed. It decline the pace of creation and hampers the nature o f the work. Low occupation fulfillment can result to low confidence and the representatives show no unwaveringness towards the organization. Consequently, it is essential to have work fulfillment and to comprehend the variables that are identified with the equivalent. References Argyris, C., 2017. Incorporating the Individual and the Organization. Routledge. Bakker, A.B. what's more, Demerouti, E., 2014. Occupation demandsresources hypothesis. Prosperity. Cappelen, A.W., Eichele, T., Hugdahl, K., Specht, K., Srensen, E.. what's more, Tungodden, B., 2014. Value hypothesis and reasonable imbalance: a neuroeconomic study. Procedures of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(43), pp.15368-15372. Dobrow Riza, S., Ganzach, Y. what's more, Liu, Y., 2015. Time and occupation fulfillment: A longitudinal investigation of the differential jobs old enough and residency. Diary of the executives, p.0149206315624962. Gabriel, A.S., Diefendorff, J.M., Chandler, M.M., Moran, C.M. furthermore,

A Guide to Conjugating the French Amener (to Bring, Take)

A Guide to Conjugating the French Amener (to Bring, Take) When learning French, you will frequently need to utilize the verbâ amenerâ which intends to take or to bring. This is utilized with regards to take the canine to the recreation center or something comparable. This is a generally simple French exercise to follow and great practice for conjugating a stem-evolving action word. Instructions to Conjugate the French Verb Amener To conjugate an action word intends to adjust it to coordinate the subject pronoun you are talking about. We do something very similar in English, however the conjugations are regularly basic, for example, utilizing takes rather than take. Every action word structure forâ amenerâ is somewhat extraordinary relying upon subject. Pronouns like I, you, he, or we each have their own interpretation in French j, tu, il, nous, and so on. Its additionally imperative to know thatâ amenerâ is aâ stem-evolving action word. This implies conjugatingâ the action word utilizes indistinguishable endings from ordinary - er action words. That makes this an exceptionally simple conjugation. Study this diagram to figure out how to conjugate this action word in French. It reveals to you which structure to use with each subject and in each tense. For model, to state I bring, you will say jamã ¨ne. To state we will bring, you will say nousâ amã ¨nerez. Subject Present Future Defective j' amã ¨ne amã ¨nerai amenais tu amã ¨nes amã ¨neras amenais il amã ¨ne amã ¨nera amenait nous amenons amã ¨nerons amenions vous amenez amã ¨nerez ameniez ils amã ¨nent amã ¨neront amenaient Amener and the Present Participle Theâ present participleâ ofâ amenerâ isâ amenant. The - insect finishing is like the - ing we use in English, which makes the action word mean bringing or taking. This action word structure is very ingenious as it can likewise be a modifier, ing word, or even a thing in the correct setting. Amenerâ in the Past Tense Passã © compos㠩â is the most well-known type of past tense in the French language. At the point when you need to state that you brought or took something, you should include the appropriateâ auxiliary action word. On account of amener, that isâ avoir. Were not exactly done, however, in light of the fact that you will likewise require theâ past participleâ of the action word to finish the expression. For amener, that is simplyâ amenã ©. That is utilized regardless of the subject pronoun. Since we know all the pieces for the past tense, lets put it to utilize. To state I got French, you will say jaiâ amenã ©. In this case,â aiâ is the conjugate for that aiding or assistant verb,â avoir. More Conjugations of Amener Those are the straightforward conjugations ofâ amenerâ and ones that you will utilize frequently. There are different types of this action word that you might possibly require, however its great to know about them. The subjunctive alludes to an action word state of mind communicating that something is questionable. The contingent is another action word state of mind that is utilized when the activity may occur under specific conditions. The pass㠩â simple and flawed subjunctive structures are utilized in formal composition. Except if youre figuring out how to compose appropriately in French, its not likely that you will utilize them. Subject Subjunctive Restrictive Passã © Simple Blemished Subjunctive j' amã ¨ne amã ¨nerais amenai amenasse tu amã ¨nes amã ¨nerais amenas amenasses il amã ¨ne amã ¨nerait amena amenã ¢t nous amenions amã ¨nerions amenã ¢mes amenassions vous ameniez amã ¨neriez amenã ¢tes amenassiez ils amã ¨nent amã ¨neraient amenã ¨rent amenassent Heres where things can get somewhat befuddling when conjugating French action words. The basic structure is another action word disposition used to ask for, give, or make a solicitation. The essential contrast here is that you won't utilize the subject pronoun. Rather, you just utilize the basic action word structure. For instance, rather than saying tuâ amã ¨ne you can essentially say amã ¨ne. Basic (tu) amã ¨ne (nous) amenons (vous) amenez Different Verbs Meaning To Take In English, we utilize the word take in numerous unique situations. There is no single to take word in French. As with numerous dialects, French uses a couple of action words to demonstrate the various implications of to take.â Whereâ amenerâ is progressively prefer to bring,â accepterâ means to acknowledge. The action word for really taking something isâ prendre. Its a smart thought to concentrate these on the double so you realize when to utilize each.

Inter-racial Face Recognition Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Between racial Face Recognition - Research Paper Example The members were advised toward the start of the investigation, and were questioned after the trial. Remembering that the issue of between racial distinguishing proof could be delicate (for example members may feel awkward in the event that they neglect to perceive a portion of the appearances) the members were advised about the opportunities for them to pull back their information at whatever point they wish, and furthermore that, on the off chance that they wish, their outcomes can be expelled from the ultimate result information of the investigation. Table 1 shows that the Caucasian race is delayed in face acknowledgment than the Black race. This implies the Caucasians have a few troubles in perceiving appearances of each individual they met in their life. This additionally infers the Caucasian have a few issues in acclimation. Table 2 shows the Black Recognition time (second and tallies) Black officially dressed (nonpartisan appearances) have registered F estimation of 206.640, and the white Recognition time (second and checks) Black officially dressed (impartial countenances) have figured estimation of 52.414 and the plain estimation of F insights 247. This implies we acknowledge Ho in light of the fact that the figured estimation of F insights is not as much as its organized worth. This likewise implies white people are more touchy to Cross-racial hindrance than Black people. This infers white people may have visual issues associated with the cones of the eyes which are liable for fine detail identification and shading acknowledgment. Informative supplements Relapse of Black Recognition Factors Entered/Removed(b) Model Factors

A Comparative Study On Morality Historical Events - 825 Words

A Comparative Study On Morality: Historical Events (Research Paper Sample) Content: Comparative StudyNameProfessorCourseInstitutionDateMorals are unique traits which every man possess, however, how they choose to act upon it develops eventually becoming part of their character. Julius Caesar the Dramatic play put across the inflicted idea of moralities by falsifying the historical notion of political context Shakespeares. Shakespeare focuses on a number of a number of themes such as goodwill versus hatred and also free will versus fortune approach. Similarly, The Prince incorporate historical events to depict the concepts that are essential to running an ideal kingdom. Both texts use historical references to compare traits depicted in righteous characters.Shakespeare endeavors to convey his dilemma to the audience regarding the ruling government and the play is implemented by use of the four characters: Antony, Brutus, Julius Caesar and Cassius who are portrayed to have differing standards of morals and good will against hatred. In the entire play, t here is portray of a power struggle between the good and evil thus conveying the ideas of morality and more significantly persuasion. At the time of the funeral speech, it is evident how Antony has the traits to seduce the fickle plebs in seeing the horror and mutiny behind the act of Brutus to murder Caesar. The repetition that is made in the play Brutus as an honorable man is intended to manipulate the situation correlating to Shakespeare striving to seduce his audience in to make a decision to choose a side within the play and their problems with the Queen. Base on the play it is clear that Shakespeare intends to beguile the crowd into realizing the challenges that confront the infamous Queen Elizabeth and also it could dramatically predispose England into turmoil if she happens to die without having an heir.On the other hand is The Prince produced by Niccolo Machiavelli in 1509. The prevailing situation at the time of composition of The Prince was that Italy was in a state of i nstability because the Italian leaders were being assassinated and immediately replaced comparable to the concept that was addressed by Shakespeare in his play. Niccolo was a political associate who had a strong affiliation with the previous governor of Italy. However, the strong relationship broke out after a new governor took the reign and decided to drive out Machiavelli. The Prince is a guideline that has been prepared by Machiavelli to disregard morals if one has to become an ideal ruler. According to Machiavelli if a leader has the power to win the goodwill of the people, then the leader should not have the reason to worry about hatred and treacheries. Goodwill is depicted to be an ideal political instrument which can ensure the stability of the reign of a leader. This message is conveyed by the use of metaphor Better to have a name for miserliness, which breeds disgrace without hatred, instead, in pursuing a name for liberty. The perception of breeding disgrace correlates wi th the idea of Machiavelli that hatred will produce evolution to adulation and attempt to not dissatisfy the ruler as the goodwill with present a compassionate effect.The treatment of morality has plenty of effects which can significantly impact a society depending on how people will use it. This concept is studied in both Julius Caesar and The Prince however, they both have antagonistic interpretations regarding the idea of freewill against fortune. Based on the play of Shakespeare, it is evident that the latter supported fate when he asserted that fate cannot be delimited but rather a mystery which is part of life to everyone. From the leaders ...

Impressive Project Topics for Electronics

Project topics for electronics give students ideas to nurture their engineering knowledge as well as enhance their practical application of theoretical concepts. Electronic engineering is a branch that deals with the properties and performance of electrons to form structures, new devices, big and small equipment for incorporated transistors, and circuits that utilize electricity as their dynamic force. Learners pursuing such courses should put more emphasis on their practical proficiency rather than mastering the content. Projects are one way of doing it. Project Ideas and Their Rationality Electronic Notepad. The purpose of the project is to design and propose a conveniently automated notebook. The pad will include a touch display and a loading memory to store written information. This jotter will enable the user to relocate files to a computer when necessary. The device’s software helps to transfer and deduce the info and presentations on the screen. The memo pad is highly accurate with a quick selection rate that should aid in presenting the particular illustration made by the user. It also includes an SD card and a microcontroller interfaced with the pad’s circuit. The microcontroller handovers the figures on the SD card of one’s PC with the aid of a steady link. RFID Based Door Access Control. The system controls entry through a card, an equivalent card-reader, and a switchboard integrated to a server. The card has a unique identification number. The reader infers the figures and directs it to the control panel, which acts as a microcontroller. The microcontroller then checks the integrity of the data with a database that contains all the authorized numbers. If the information is genuine, then a precise door opens depending on the designation of the card. RFID equipment utilizes frequencies ranging from 50 kHz to 2.5 GHz. A RFID device contains the following components: an antenna that transmits RF signals to the reader and the RFID device, an RF transponder that creates RF motions, RFID machine that walls information, and a reader that gathers RF transmissions from the RFID engine before passing them to the primary system for action. Cell Phone Operated Land Rover: Usually, wireless controlled robots utilize radio frequencies in their operation, which restrict rate and operational range thus limiting control. The project uses a mobile phone to control the robot. Mobile technology is more user-friendly as it does not interrupt other controllers and has up to twelve functions. It also has robust control within the range of the mobile service provider. The technology can is useful in construction of various robots depending on the required abilities. Notably, all have similar controls and share mechanically flexible configurations. The robot’s functions have three levels: action, processing, and reception. They have mounted receivers that act as sensors. A microcontroller that serves as a processor processes the signals. Motors or any actuators power the robot. To control the robot, one calls the cell phone on the robot. If one presses another button during the call, a dual-tone multiple frequency reaches the other end of the call. The mobile phone mounted the robot receives the tone, where the robot processes it through its ATmega16micro-controller-aided by the DTMF decipherer MT8870. References: Alaraje, N. S. (2017 ). Board# 2: Digital technology education collaborative: Report on NSF-ATE project on reconfigurable electronics workforce development. Hulls, C. R. (2015). Integrative activities for first year engineering students-fuel cell cars as a linking project between chemistry, mechatronics concepts, and programming. Ochs, D. S. (2015). Teaching sustainable energy and power electronics to engineering students in a laboratory environment using industry-standard tools. IEEE Transactions on Education, 58(3), 173-178. Ramanathan, S. (2016). Electronics: Mott transistor-Fundamental studies and device operation mechanisms. United States: Harvard University Cambridge. Zhang, Z. H. (2016). Teaching power electronics with a design-oriented, project-based learning method at the Technical University of Denmark. IEEE Transactions on Education, 59(1), 32-38.

Essay about Mathematical Ethics - 4160 Words

Mathematical Ethics Philosophers since antiquity have argued the merits of mathematics as a normative aid in ethical decision-making and of the mathematization of ethics a theoretical discipline. Recently, Anagnostopoulos, Annas, Broadie and Hutchinson have probed such issues said to be of interest to Aristotle. Despite their studies, the sense in which Aristotle either opposed or proposed a mathematical ethics in subject-matter and method remains unclear. This paper attempts to clarify the matter. It shows Aristotle’s matrix of exactness and inexactness for ethical subject-matter and ethical method in the Nicomachean Ethics. Then it probes a resultant puzzle from the matrix, namely, the HL model of the happy life without consideration†¦show more content†¦Some have argued in principle against formal moral thermometry; others have posed practical difficulties. Mills critique of Benthams moral thermometry calculus is well-known and widely accepted. Recently, MacIntyre has argued for a ret urn to Aristotelian virtue ethics from the modern metaethical impulse to mathematize ethics, not fully cognizant of Aristotles own flirtations with mathematical ethics. (5) Jonsen and Toulmin have complained about overintellectualism in normative ethical theory, targeting Sidgwicks arguments for a scientific ethics. (6) This dispute about mathematical ethics has its roots in antiquity with Aristotle. While some contemporary proponents gloat over the mathematization of some of Aristotles practical wisdom in his Economics and Politics in such fields as microeconomics, macroeconomics, and political econometrics, the received view is that Aristotle himself opposed mathematical ethics in his Nicomachean Ethics. But did he? (7) Scholars have recently clarified Aristotles concerns about mathematical ethics often expressed as the problem of formal exactness (akribeia) and of material inexactness (tupos). Georgios Anagnostopoulos has meticulously examined the issue of exactness and has concluded that Aristotle is inconsistent in his views, sometimes affirming and sometimes denying the inevitability of inexactness in ethical subject matter. (8) However, by assuming the parity of all virtues for Aristotle and by overlooking anShow MoreRelatedTok Essay - Ethics and Math1702 Words   |  7 Pages10. Through different methods of justification, we can reach conclusions in ethics that are as well-supported as those provided in mathematics. To what extent would you agree? One could argue that mathematics and ethics are the underlying essentials above which our society has based itself. Scores of cities have built their infrastructures using measurements and methods founded in mathematics. Our inherent ethical natures have catalyzed the great minds from ancient civilizations to create democraciesRead MoreJustification, The Moral Sense Of Right And Wrong1140 Words   |  5 Pagesdetermining credibility of a statement. In mathematics, mathematical expressions are easily justifiable because their solutions are often concrete. One example of mathematical expressions are that corresponding angles are always congruent to each other. On the contrary, ethics is the moral sense of right and wrong that a person has. This can be applied to personal and professional decision making of the individuals themselves. However, ethics may be often thought of as impossible to prove becauseRead MoreThe Theory Of Moral Theory1403 Words   |  6 PagesPrinciple of Utilityà ¢â‚¬  or better known as â€Å"The Greatest Happiness Principle† (Bentham 6). The principle proposes the idea that an action is right if it maximizes pleasure and minimizes pain to the greatest number of people. Numbers do not dictate the ethics or morality of an action. However, is there a way in which this theory could be utilized in minor situations? The purpose of this paper is to explain Bentham’s moral theory as well as to demonstrate why the theory is impossible to calculate. ThisRead MoreEngineering : Engineering And Ethics917 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is Engineering? Engineering is a profession in which knowledge of mathematical and natural sciences gained by study, experience and practices is applied with judgement to develop ways to utilize, economically, the materials and forces of natures for the benefits of Mankind – (Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology-ABET) Sara Pfatteicher in her book Introduction to post disaster engineering and ethics describes engineers as â€Å"design under constrains†. She describes the main threeRead MoreDescriptive vs Normative Statements1298 Words   |  6 Pageshas to understand the difference between Descriptive and Normative Ethics. Descriptive ethics primarily describes people’s moral beliefs, claims and behaviors. This form of ethics is studied primarily by psychologist, sociologist and anthropologist. With Normative ethics we deal with the attempt to discover what actions are in fact right or wrong, good or bad and what it takes to be a moral or immoral person. This area of ethics is studied more by philosophers and theologist. To simplify, DescriptiveRead MoreThe, By David Hume902 Words   |  4 Pagesalso to reasons or requirements of at least one of the other sorts, the intrinsic requirements being seen as backing them up† (Mackie, â€Å"Ethics: Inventing Right and Wrong† L .1120). â€Å"†¦although most people in making moral judgements implicitly claim, among other things, to be pointing to something objectively prescriptive, these claims are all false† (Mackie, â€Å"Ethics: Inventing Right and Wrong† L.450). â€Å"[i]f there were objective values, then they would be entities or qualities or relations of a veryRead More Ethics Of The Hellenistic World Essay1265 Words   |  6 Pageswhile the Stoics had the idea that the conformation to strict laws regarding virtue was the proper path, and as for Aristotle, he held the middle ground in this debate of the minds, feeling that moderation was the key to complete happiness. Epicurus ethics was a form of egoistic hedonism, meaning that the only thing essentially valuable is ones own pleasure. Anything else that has value is valuable merely as a means to securing pleasure for oneself. Epicurus associated this theory to a refined andRead MoreEthics and Morality in Philosophy Essay908 Words   |  4 PagesMorality has always been an unacknowledged and crucial role in defining ethics. Principles tend to be a virtue that applies only within society and can be distinguished from law, religion, or ethics. Morality in its defining sense can be different from each other, depending on the foundations of the society that claim their morality. Different societies have a different sense of what their moral priority would be like. Their morality can be based on purity and honesty when others concerned with practicesRead MoreMill and Kants Efforts to Solve an Ethical Dilemma822 Words   |  4 Pagesmeasured. This paper tries to apply the moral theories of John Stuart Mill and Immanuel Kant is solving an ethical dilemma. John Stuart Mill opens his utilitarian postulation by asserting that ethical statements cannot be subjected to scientific or mathematical provability (West 23). Mill’s utilitarianism is the moral standpoint that views actions as right or wrong in proportion to how they advance happiness or pleasure (Bailey 23). By maximizing utility, Mill implies increasing happiness (West 57). Read MoreThe Ethics Of Plato And Aristotle977 Words   |  4 Pages In this essay, I will be examining the ethics of Plato and Aristotle. I will explain the five fundamental concepts of Plato and Aristotle. I will focus on their theories on the good life as a life of justice, censorship, knowledge and the good life. I will first explain Plato’s ethics. Plato was a philosopher, both a rationalist and absolutist. According to Plato, people must be schooled to obtain certain kinds of knowledge for example mathematics, philosophy etc. The training will give them

Aeneas, the Anti-hero of Aeneid Essay - 2034 Words

Aeneas, the Anti-hero of Aeneid Many people seem to be under the impression that the Aeneid is a celebration of Roman glory, led by the hero of fate Aeneas. I find these preconceived ideas hard to reconcile with my actual reading of the text. For starters, I have a hard time viewing Aeneas as a hero at all. Almost any other main characters in the epic, from Dido to Camilla to Turnus, have more heroic qualities than Aeneas. This is especially noteworthy because many of these characters are his enemies. In addition, Aeneas is presented as a man with no free will. He is not so much bound to duty as he is shielded by it. It offers a convenient way for hum to dodge crucial moral questions. Although this doesn’t necessarily make†¦show more content†¦However, while Gilgamesh naturally somewhat dimwitted, and thus afforded some dependence on brawn over brains, Aeneas deserves no such handicap. Like David, another hero we have seen, his brazenness is derived from his knowledge of his own fate. David relies o n the Lord as his security blanket. Knowing that he is forever in the favor of God makes him bolder in his actions. Similarly, the Gods reassure Aeneas that no matter what the obstacles facing him are, he will overcome them and plant the seeds of Rome. It is his fate and his duty. With this knowledge intact, one wonders why it took so much killing and despair on his part. Assured that victory is inevitable, why not wait for a peaceable solution. Again, the classic interpreters, ironically playing the role of the cynics, would say that Aeneas has no choice. He has to kill. He has to give up love and sacrifice his present for his future, and the future of his people. Well, if the peanut gallery will keep quiet for the time being, I will attempt to explain. There are a handful of heroes in mythology that do not conform to fate, that do not surrender to the Gods. One of these heroes is Hercules, who is, maybe not incidentally, a hero’s hero. He is in the upper echelon of heroes a s it were. Hercules was infamous for not only detesting the Gods, and for not accepting their ‘decrees’, but also for out and out warring against them. Like Aeneas, he was half-God, but immortal.Show MoreRelated Virgil’s Vision of the Underworld and Reincarnation in Book VI of the Aeneid1280 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Aeneid â€Å"Virgil paints his sad prophetic picture of the Underworld in shadowy halftones fraught with tears and pathos. His sources are eclectic, but his poetic vision is personal and unique† (Lenardon, 312). Despite countless writings regarding the region of the Underworld, such as Homer’s Odyssey and Ovid’s Metamorphoses, Virgil bases his book upon traditional elements accompanied with his own vision of the Underworld and reincarnation. In doing so, Virgil’s book VI of the Aeneid servesRead More Is Virgils Aenied an anti-war poem? Essay2377 Words   |  10 Pages Is Virgil’s Aeneid an Anti-War Poem? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Virgil opens the ‘Aeneid’ with the words ARMA virumque cano ( I sing of arms and of men). The central role that war plays in this Roman epic is made apparent from the very first word of the ‘Aeneid’ by the emphatic placing of the word arma at the very beginning of the poem. A fair chunk of Virgil’s ‘Aeneid’ is set on the battle field but its violent and gory descriptions of death and its frequent battles alone cannot make thisRead MoreIs Virgils Aenied an Anti-War Poem?2421 Words   |  10 PagesIs Virgils Aeneid an Anti-War Poem? Virgil opens the ‘Aeneid with the words ARMA virumque cano ( I sing of arms and of men). The central role that war plays in this Roman epic is made apparent from the very first word of the ‘Aeneid by the emphatic placing of the word arma at the very beginning of the poem. A fair chunk of Virgils ‘Aeneid is set on the battle field but its violent and gory descriptions of death and its frequent battles alone cannot make this poem an anti-war poem. VirgilRead More A Comparison of Leadership Abilities of Odysseus in Odyssey and Aeneas in Aeneid3512 Words   |  15 PagesComparing the Leadership Abilities of Odysseus in Odyssey and Aeneas in Aeneid      Ã‚   These two heroes have embarked from the same destination but on very different journeys. Whilst they are both Iliadic heroes at the start of their stories, they develop and adapt their manner towards the characteristics required of them to succeed. Before we judge them, it is necessary to determine our definition of a successful leader. A hero from the Iliad must be a speaker of words and one who is accomplishedRead MoreMaking up the Rococo: Francois Boucher and His Critics2816 Words   |  11 PagesPompadour herself such as the 1751 Toilette of Venus, painted for Pompadours country-house Bellevue. Two other canvases of the 1750s depict Venus with Vulcan: these are The Visit of Venus to Vulcan in 1754 and Vulcan Presenting Venus with Arms for Aeneas in 1757. I will concentrate on these two latter canvases in trying to assess Boucher as an implicitly political painter. The relation of Venus to female sexuality is obviously the first assumption any viewer would make, and the temptation must haveRead MoreCritical Analysis of ‘Arms and the Man’ by G.B Shaw with special reference to the language and relevance of the piece3275 Words   |  14 Pagesweeks to marry Raina. Succumbing with pleasure, Raina gives a loving smile to her chocolate cream soldier. Background of ‘Arms the Man’ Arms and the Man  is a  comedy  by  George Bernard Shaw, whose title comes from the opening words of  Virgils  Aeneid  in Latin:  Arma virumque cano  (Arms and the man I sing). The play was first produced on April 21, 1894 at the  Avenue Theatre, and published in 1898 as part of Shaws  Plays Pleasant  volume, which also included  Candida,  You Never Can Tell,  and  TheRead More Christianity and Greek Epic Tradition as Devices for Miltons Object in Paradise Lost2719 Words   |  11 Pagesgreatly influenced by (and probably knew by heart) Homers works, he used Virgils The Aeneid as his primary epic model for Paradise Lost. Milton devotes the first two books to Satan and his languishing legions as we come to know them individually as heathen gods. Similarly, Virgil recounts the Italian chiefs who oppose Aeneas. Moreover, the angel Raphaels account of spiritual histories to Adam mirrors Odysseus and Aeneas retellings of their own past events (Milton). Upo n this foundation of similarity

Symptoms And Diagnosis Of Antenatal Depression - 813 Words

Answers to the questions can result in scores of 0 to 30, with depression indicated at a cut-off score of ≠¥10 in postpartum studies (Cox, Holden, Sagovsky, 1987). It is considered highly reliable for postpartum screening with a sensitivity of over 90% and a specificity between 77% and 88% (Chaudron et al., 2010). The EPDS is considered a more effective tool in antenatal screening compared to other recognized depression screening instruments such as the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) or the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)(Freed, Chan, Boger, Tompson, 2012). In Bergink’s et al research, the EPDS proved to yield high rates of sensitivity and specificity in determining antenatal depression during specific†¦show more content†¦Following diagnosis via the EPDS, obstetrical providers can decide if outside referral or depression reassessment at a further prenatal visit is appropriate. Treatment Depression is a treatable condition, and there are treatment standards in place for pregnant women(Choate Gintner, 2011). Currently, the treatment of antenatal depression consists of prescription medication and psychotherapy (Yonkers, Vigod, Ross, 2011), and â€Å"alternative† treatments including vitamin or herbal supplements, acupuncture, exercise, or massage therapy (Deligiannidis Freeman, 2013). Treating antenatal depression often poses a dilemma for both the specialist and the patient. For the specialist, the risk of prescribing medication has to equate with the risk of any potential iatrogenic harm to the fetus (Ververs, van Dijk, Yousofi, Schobben, Visser, 2009). While there are guidelines in place for the prescribing of medications to a pregnant patient (Howland, 2009), not many obstetrical specialists feel confident in their own ability to treat a psychiatric illness (Hill, Greenberg, Holzman, Schulkin, 2001). Research documenting the effects of anti depressant use during pregnancy has revealed that the medicines themselves may induce preterm birth

The Book Thief Literary Analysis - 1198 Words

â€Å"I [Death] am haunted by humans† (Zusak 550). This example of imagery, a literary device, in The Book Thief juxtaposed how Death was haunted by the cruelty of human action, just as how humans were haunted by Death. Literary devices were implemented by authors to create gripping stories that they wanted to share with their readers. Novelist Aldous Huxley once said that â€Å"the essay is a literary device for saying almost everything about everything†. While casual readers may not realize the intricacies of literary devices in writing, they could definitely remember how the stories went. Through literary devices, stories can metamorphose into something greater and memorable. In The Book Thief by Markus Zusak, â€Å"To An Athlete Dying Young† by A.E.†¦show more content†¦The poet insisted, â€Å"Eyes the shady night has shut / Cannot see the record cut† (Housman 13-14). Housman metaphorically justifies that death is not a menacing occurrence in a person’s life, comparing it to sleeping on a shady night. With this seemingly bare comment, Housman reveals his valiantness of death and his supportive perspective on dying young. Moreover, Maupassant implemented imagery in â€Å"Two Friends† to demonstrate that friendship triumphs over death. He wrote that â€Å"Monsieur Sauvage fell forward instantaneously. Morissot, being the taller, swayed slightly and fell across his friend with face turned skyward and blood oozing from a rent in the breast of his coat (Maupassant 448)†. In the climax, great friends Monsieur Sauvage and Monsieur Morissot ungrudgingly were willing to die together rather than revealing the location of their country’s soldiers. Maupassant was purposeful in his word choices to create an image of two friends dying together, even if they had the choice to betray their country and escape. Thus, imagery is a powerful literary device to justify the authors’ purposes of writing. Zusa k, Housman, and Maupassant used symbolism to indirectly convey deeper meanings of the objects in their pieces of writing. The accordion, Mr. Hubermann’s favorite instrument, symbolized the theme of optimism in Zusak’s The Book Thief. Mr. Hubermann received the accordion from ErikShow MoreRelatedLiterary Analysis Of The Book Thief772 Words   |  4 PagesOver the course of reading The Book Thief, readers will come to know about Markus Zusak’s constant use of descriptive words, figurative language, and character plots throughout the story. In one particular part of the novel, Zusak shows an example of all three of these points to support one of the many central themes he gives us. While Liesel is standing in front of the burnt offerings near the town hall and the square after a Hitler rally, she sees a book underneath all of the hot ash. This momentRead MoreArchetypal Criticism in The Road by Cormac McCarthy Essay1643 Words   |  7 PagesArchetypal criticism fo llows a basic rule of categorizing or relating any work of literature into a set framework. It works from a subjective basis, it is used to determine and grasp the ideas of universal truths messages through literary work. The universal truths and messages are determined by identifying patterns like character types, storylines, settings, symbols. The Road by Cormac McCarthy is a novel that accurately exemplifies the principles of archetypal criticism. This narrative accountRead MoreTheftby Katherine Anne PorterFollow 10 Members1550 Words   |  5 PagesFollow 10 Members Following Summary Themes Analysis More ââ€" » Theft by Katherine Anne Porter Analysis Style and Technique (Comprehensive Guide to Short Stories, Critical Edition) print Print document PDF list Cite link Link â€Å"Theft† is a unique short story in the Porter canon for several reasons. It is the first effort at incorporating autobiographical elements into her work. Porter developed an intense relationship with Matthew Josephson, her literary mentor and lover. His wife, after discoveringRead MoreDeath1167 Words   |  5 Pagesindicates his indecision about whether the human race is good or evil. In his analysis, human beings are capable of being either good or bad. Death merges these colors into the Nazi flag; a black swastika in a white circle surrounded by a field of red. Zusak compares the sky with soup when Himmel Street gets destroyed by bombs. The Gravedigger’s Handbook is the first book Liesel steals. For Liesel, the book represents great loss, sorrow and her feelings of abandonment because of herRead MoreThe s Candide And The Old Woman Arrive Of Cadiz, And Of Their Embarkation1422 Words   |  6 PagesVoltaire’s Candide, or Optimism is widely regarded as a work of the enlightenment period and offers a satire on philosophy, religion and current events (of the time). This essay aims to provide an analysis of Chapter 10: In what distress Candide, Cunà ©gonde and the old woman arrive in Cadiz, and of their embarkation. Firstly considering terms of context this essay will look at the way knowledge of philosophy and attitudes towards women illuminate the readers understanding of the passage. SecondlyRead MoreThe Book Thief Essay2006 Words   |  9 PagesHistorically, people have used literacy to obtain political power. In the novel The Book Thief by Markus Zusak, it is evident that books, reading, and words th emselves represent power for different characters in different ways. Close analysis of Liesel Meminger and Max Vandenburg reveals that power can be achieved through literacy in a context where literacy is severely limited. Literacy plays a major role in Liesel’s adolescence. Liesel obtains power through literacy as it gives her a sense ofRead MoreThe Murder Of The Clutter Family1135 Words   |  5 Pagesto Kansas with friend Harper Lee to research the killings. In the course of six years bringing this narrative together, Capote began taking drugs and drinking heavily due to the dark nature of the book. Truman Capote tells the true story of a family murdered in In Cold Blood, through character analysis and symbolism to prove nature is a stronger force than nature in shaping a person’s character. Capote expresses his idea of nature vs. nurture in Dick Hickock and Perry Smith and whether killers areRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Boy s The Striped Pajamas 1035 Words   |  5 PagesIn this Literary analysis report, of the book â€Å"The Boy in the Striped Pajamas†, I will be breaking down the story. Starting with the beginning introducing the main protagonist and antagonist of the movie. Then introducing the main conflict and how the protagonist tried to fix this problem, and how it was solved. The final paragraph will break down the movie even further by explaining symbols, showing what they mean, and how this movie depicted the real world. To start off, The movie â€Å"The boy in theRead MoreGreek Mythology And The Lightening Thief1940 Words   |  8 PagesKing of the Dead, Hades. Greek mythology is very interesting and can also be very interestingly weird. In the lightening thief we see the very interesting part about Greek mythology. The lightening thief uses the modern day society to tell the adventure packed story. In this essay I will give you an overview of Greek mythology, along with a summary and analysis of The Lightening Thief. Hero is the main theme of this story. We see the theme of hero throughout various parts of 2 the story. CourageRead More Differences that Divide Essay1201 Words   |  5 Pagesin acts of inclusion and exclusion on the basis of ethnicity, religion, and lifestyle as a means of dividing the population into clearly defined, mutually exclusive groups. This underlying expression of discrimination serves as a modern critical analysis against society’s prevalent tenets of inequality. The first form of discrimination, most significant to the character Hassan, is done on the basis of ethnicity. As Edward Hower comments in â€Å"The Servant†, The Kite Runner’s depiction of Afghanistan

On Dumpster Diving Essay Example For Students

On Dumpster Diving Essay Christian Kowlessar 3rd Period November 30, 2012 Expository Essay In this essay, On Dumpster Diving, the writer implies that there are many positive things that come out of dumpster diving, as well as negative. You dont have to be in poverty to take advantage of the many things found in dumpsters, as long as you take the right pre-cautions. But what is dumpster diving? It is simply rummaging or going through dumpsters to find things of use such as food, clothing, or any other items that could be of use. Although, the writer prefers the term scavenging or scrounging. Even respectable employed people will sometimes find something tempting sticking out of a dumpster or standing beside one. This quote, coming from the text, was written for the purpose of dealing with the readers emotion. It notifies the reader that there is nothing wrong with going in the trash if you see something you like. You will never know because one mans trash may be your treasure. Even though you may feel degraded by going through a dumpster, Eighner uses the method of pathos to convince the reader that there is nothing wrong with taking something you like. Although, it is your choice, Eighner is still convincing the reader that there is no problem with it. But there are still pre-cautions you should take before picking something up and eating or using it Dumpster diving may seem very care-free and more like whatever you find, you take. Eighner mentions throughout his essay about the precautions that must be taken when diving through dumpsters. He includes that, Eating safely from the dumpsters involves three principles: using the senses and common sense to evaluate the condition of the found materials, knowing the dumpsters of a given area and hecking them regularly, and seeking always to answer the question Why was this discarded. This information all seems completely credible knowing that its coming from a dumpster diver with much experience and knowledge. As an employed person wouldnt be as educated in the art of dumpster diving. But who says employed people may not go through a dumpster in his life, or has never ate spoiled food? Eighner showed examples about employed people being more careless than a dumpster diver by saying, Perhaps everyone who has a kitchen and a regular supply f groceries has, at one time or another, made a sandwich and eaten half of it before discovering mold on the bread or got a mouthful of milk before realizing the milk had turned. The reason for this is that Nothing of the sort is likely to happen toa aumpster Olver Decause ne Is constantly remln ea a tnat most Tooo Is Olscaraea Tor a reason. This statement seems logical because, yes, employed people may or may not check the expiration date or smell the odor of a specific product, thinking that it is perfectly fine because it was refrigerated. While a smart dumpster diver, such as Eighner, uses his three rules before indulging the food. There are, indeed, many good things that could be found in dumpsters. Even though its not the ideal place to go food shopping, there are its perks, as well as flaws. But the only way to know if something is good or not is by using Eighners three logical rules. If there is something you like that you see in the dumpster, you are better off taking it, it is free. You dont have to be in poverty to go through a dumpster. Another mans trash may be your treasure. I think Eighner explains and proved that accurately.

Strategies for Online Success Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Write an Essay Evaluating the Current Role and Practices of Digital Marketing in today. Answer: Digital marketing: It is a very well-known fact that our world is getting digitalized slowly with a very fast pace. Most of the people are using the digital content for getting day to day information from the sources like their mobile phones, laptops, computers etc. this concept of digitalization has put its steps into marketing also. Many companies are using this technology p digital marketing via different medium such as blogs, online websites, social networking sites etc. the below discussion provide the clear of picture of the ole of digital marketing for todays businesses and its importance for the businesses and the consumers (Weber, 2009). If the old generation is considered, they might do not have any issues with the traditional marketing strategies that involve TV, radio advertisements etc. but those who have grown up in this digital world cannot accept the limitation of advertising to these traditional mediums. Therefore, it is necessary for todays businesses to digitalize their marketing str ategies and techniques as well. Marketing is an important process and function of the any organization. The owners of the businesses in earlier times create awareness about their products through newspapers and word of mouth (Armstrong, Kotler, Harker and Brennan, 2012). Digitalization of this function is advancement in the businesses of today. Popularity of digital marketing is because of the use of mass media and internet. If the tools of digital marketing are considered, SEO is the most common and the beneficial tool used by any organizations these days (Parkin, 2009). SEO refers to Search engine Optimization. The major role of this tool is to maximize the probability o getting searched by the search engines like Google. It helps in determining the raking of the websites of the businesses. Digital marketing plays many roles in favor of the organizations. Digital marketing practices and tool act as the medium to enhance the number of clients as well as customers for the firm. This is because of the inclusion of social media networking in the digital marketing practices. Through social media, many clients that are sitting at distant also can connect and the companies can even connect to their customers directly. Social media is the part of digital marketing that is very much underestimated by some of the analysts. This is because it is considered as the casual medium of connections, but it is not so. The likes and the comment on social media determined the trust and loyalty of the customers towards the brands (Chaffey, Smith and Smith, 2012). Thus, it cat as the measurable tool to measure the trust of the customers towards the company. As a customer, the people have so many choices and availability of products. This makes it very difficult for the customers to create that brand image and traffic for their products in the market. Advertising through online medium provide them that facility to create such traffic in cost effective manner. In terms of measuring the returns, online adverting is the medium that facilitates the companies to measure the ROI on advertisement very easily without many efforts. The digital marketing practices are generating employment fir the people and making the world digitalized. The population of the world id becoming techno savvy and involvement of digitalized marketing in the businesses is helping the people to update their knowledge regarding the same. As far as the key characteristics of digital marketing considered, it has been analyzed that the speed, navigation and accessibility of the digital marketing tool as such that it acts as the most effective method to market the products. Digitalization in marketing helps the companies to compete with their customers openly. This is because all the firms in the industry come on the same platform and compete with each other. This makes it easy for the customers also to choose one of the best for them (Manafy and Gautschi, 2011). Digital marketing tools such as Google alerts help the smaller firms to monitor the competitor firms in their industry in order to learn strategies from them. As far as the future of digitalization s considered, it is expected to be very bright for the people as well as for the businesses. Digitalization in most of the functions of business is changing the skill need of the organization and thus the employees. The employees in future will try to achieve the skills that are technologically updated rather the having the theoretical knowledge of the subjects. This is because it will be the requirements of the businesses in future (Constantinides and Fountain, 2008). After analyzing the situation of present businesses and their interest towards digitalization, it is being predicted that the traditional use of newspapers and radios will be vanished soon and thus create opportunities for IT companies to develop more and more applications for the companies to market their products. Digitalization can also play a great role in upgrading the education system as business. If the ethical consideration towards digital marketing is analyzed, it has been identified that this marketing tool can be practiced as the medium fir performing unethical activities. The major concern in todays world is of the privacy concern, the privacy of the customers details. Most of the cases have been identified regarding online frauds and some of the websites that aces the data of the customers debit or credit card and use it unethically (Argenti and Barnes, 2009). With the advancement in the digitalization, the government should take steps to monitor such unethical practices like leaking the private data or accessing the credit and debit card credentials should not be practiced. This is the reason why some of the people still do not believe on practices like online shopping. To summarize, it can be said that digital marketing is the boon for the businesses today. This is because it facilitates them to perform the marketing activities on large scale with cost effective manner (Blanger and Crossler, 2011). It also helps in making a brand image of the firm and digital marketing play a very important part of the company's functioning. Some of the unethical practices that are associated with digital marketing are privacy and accessing data should be monitored by the government so as to continue the use of this efficient technology for marketing References: Argenti, P.A. and Barnes, C.M., 2009.Digital strategies for powerful corporate communications. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M. and Brennan, R., 2012.Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Prentice-Hall, London. Blanger, F. and Crossler, R.E., 2011. Privacy in the digital age: a review of information privacy research in information systems.MIS quarterly,35(4), pp.1017-1042. Chaffey, D., Smith, P.R. and Smith, P.R., 2012.eMarketing eXcellence: Planning and optimizing your digital marketing. Routledge. Constantinides, E. and Fountain, S.J., 2008. Web 2.0: Conceptual foundations and marketing issues.Journal of direct, data and digital marketing practice,9(3), pp.231-244. Manafy, M. and Gautschi, H., 2011.Dancing with digital natives: Staying in step with the generation that's transforming the way business is done. Information Today, Inc.. Parkin, G., 2009.Digital marketing: Strategies for online success. New Holland Pub Ltd. Weber, L., 2009.Marketing to the social web: How digital customer communities build your business. John Wiley Sons.

Thomas JEFFERSON Essay Research Paper Thomas JeffersonThomas free essay sample

Thomas JEFFERSON Essay, Research Paper Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson is a American leader and political philosopher, writer of the Declaration of Independence, and the 3rd president of the United States. ( 1801-1809 ) Jefferson was among the most superb American advocates of the Enlightenment, the motion of 18th-century idea that emphasized the possibilities of human ground. A Virginia blue blood, he had the clip and resources to educate himself in history, literature, jurisprudence, architecture, scientific discipline, and doctrine ; as diplomat and friend of Gallic and British intellectuals, he had direct entree to motive and the chance to use Enlightenment political doctrine to the undertaking of nation- edifice. Theorist of Independence During his 20s, Jefferson read voraciously in Enlightenment doctrine, 17th-century English history, political theory, and jurisprudence. Pulling on this acquisition, he drafted in1774a Summary View of the Rights of British America as instructions for Virginia # 8217 ; s delegates to the First Continental Congress, which met to see the settlements # 8217 ; grudges against Great Britain. We will write a custom essay sample on Thomas JEFFERSON Essay Research Paper Thomas JeffersonThomas or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Virginia leaders alternatively adopted a more legalistic set of instructions, , and Summary View was published anonymously as a booklet. As Jefferson # 8217 ; s writing became widely known, nevertheless, he moved all of a sudden into the front rank of American political theoreticians. In the booklet, Jefferson argued that the original colonists of the settlements came as persons instead than as agents of the British authorities. The colonial authoritiess they formed hence embodied the natural right of exiles from one state to choose the footings of their subjugation a new swayer. Colonial legislative assemblies and the British Parliament, he asserted, shared power, and both were responsible for protecting the # 8220 ; autonomies and rights # 8221 ; of the people. The Declaration of Independence, drafted chiefly by Jefferson in late June 1776 for the 2nd Continental Congress, drew the deductions of this historical position to their logical decision, proclaiming that the oppressive Acts of the Apostless of the British authorities gave the settlers the right to # 8220 ; fade out the political sets # 8221 ; that had connected them with the female parent state. Early Life Jefferson was born on April 13, 1773, at Shadwell in Ambermale County, Virginia. His male parent was a plantation proprietor, and his female parent belonged to the Randolph household, which was prominent in colonial Virginia. From his male parent and from his environment he acquired an intense involvement in vegetation, geology, mapmaking, and North American geographic expedition, and from his childhood teacher love of Greek and Latin. As a pupil at the College of William and Mary in the early 1760s, he studied unde R William Small, who knew in deepness the Scots Enlightenment, with its extremely integrated attack to jurisprudence, history, doctrine, and scientific discipline. In George With, he found an every bit gifted instructor of the jurisprudence. Jefferson was admitted to the saloon in 1767 and foremost elected to the Virginia House of his place, Monticello. Despite several desultory wooing # 8217 ; s, he did non earnestly see matrimony until 1770, when he met Martha Wayles Skelton, a Wealthy widow of 23. They were married in1772. Jefferson as President In the election of 1800, Jefferson an his fellow Republican Aaron Burr received an equal figure of electoral ballots, therefore making a tie and throwing the presidential election into the House of Representatives. After 36 ballots, the House declared Jefferson elected. As had Adams before him, Jefferson faced resistance from an sturdy cabal within his ain party every bit good as from the Federalists. He steered a steady class between these two extremes, naming some qualified Federalists to office and declining a sweeping purging of officers inherited signifier the Adams disposal. He supported abrogation of the Judiciary Act of 1801, which had created a dearly-won grade of federal entreaties tribunals and would hold encouraged entreaties from province tribunals, but he opposed any assault on the independency of the Federalists-dominated bench ; Jefferson # 8217 ; s three assignments to the Supreme Court, made between 1804 and 1807, were all strong patriots and maintainers of judicial independency During his first term his lifelong interested in the West and in American-French dealingss prompted his major presidential accomplishment, the purchase from France of Louisiana-all the western land drained by the Missouri and Missisipi rivers-and the organisation of an expedition by William Clark and Meriwether Lewis to research the British to esteem US neutrality on the high seas during the Napoleonic Wars, he persuaded Congress in 1807 to embargo all trade with Britain-a move that failed to arouse any grants, devastated the state # 8217 ; s economic system for a coevals, and alienated New England, which lived by foreign trade. Retirement After go forthing office he retired to Monticello where he lived until his decease on July 4, 1826, matching with John Adams about the great issues of revolution and constitutinalism, seeking to continue his declinig estate for his girls alternatively of his creditors, and dwelling aver the baneful effects of bondage. He was unwilling, for fiscal grounds, to liberate his ain slaves, and he disagreed with abolitionist friends who held that inkinesss were equal to Whites. His self-contradictory beliefs in human self-respect and in racial lower status typified the quandary of the state he had helped to make.

Why You Transfer Sample Essay?

Why You Transfer Sample Essay?Why you transfer sample essay and to ask this question when you are reading a paper for the first time? The purpose of writing is to convey the ideas and thoughts that your audience needs to know. That is why, we need to express the things that can be clearly understood by the audience. So the first thing is to write the essay, which should make the target audience understand the information that you are going to pass on.This is the reason why you have to write the essay first. You do not have to spend much time on it if you have to give an introduction about yourself. At the end of the essay, you have to give the conclusion.I think you can come up with a thesis statement. In this statement, you need to describe the main point of the essay. There are different reasons that you can explain the main point of the paper, so you will have to think about these points.You can mention the main reasons why you are transferring the essay. It is good if you used th e old contents. If you want to learn more about what you have to do, you can refer to the resources that you have in your books.At the end of the essay, you need to provide an outline of the presentation style and the paragraph structure. If you do not provide these details, you can read the essay for some more time.These sample essays are written for students who have not finished their studies yet. Some are provided to help those who have graduated from their secondary level. So there are also many reasons why you transfer the sample essay.As you can see, it is a very effective way to express the information in a short and easy to understand way. This will help you have a success in your career.I think you can come up with a paper and learn more about the life of this paper. So you can get the maximum out of it.

The top high paying part-time jobs for college students

The top high paying part-time jobs for college students With the expenses associated with higher learning- tuition, housing, books, clothing, food- most college students can’t afford to forgo work while attending school. Considering the time limitations that come with being a full-time student, you likely can’t afford to take on a full-time job, either. Fortunately, there are actually some part-time jobs that pay really well that may be the perfect fit for a college student already bearing a full workload. Here are 8 of them. 1. Social media assistantDo you spend a big chunk of your free time checking out scrolling through Instagram and Twitter? If so, you’re not alone, and utilizing social media doesn’t just have to be something you do when you’re bored or procrastinating. Companies rely on social media to get the word out about their goods and services, and they need social media devotees to manage their accounts and cook up fresh content. If you’re a creative thinker and have a basic grasp of m arketing, you could make as much as $21 an hour as a social media assistant.2. TutorIf you’re more the studious type than the social butterfly, you might consider one of the most tried-and-true after school jobs. Tutoring might involve helping students raise their grades in particular problem subjects or get top scores on standardized tests such as the SAT or GRE. Tutoring jobs generally pay anywhere from $30 to $100 an hour. Even the low end of that scale is good money for a part-time gig!3. Dog walkerSay you don’t particularly like socializing online or dealing with one-on-one tutoring sessions- maybe you’re more of a dog person than a people person. Well, there are opportunities in the canine sector as well. Dog owners who are short on time or stuck in the office most of the day rely on professionals to keep their pets from making a mess at home. Cleaning up poop probably isn’t anyone’s idea of a party, but dog walkers work very short hours- per fect for ensuring plenty of study time. They also tend to earn $15 to $30 per walk, so students who can commit to walking multiple pooches more than once a day can really rake in the doggie dough.4. Lyft driverOne potential downside to being a dog walker is that you need to be on call at particular times of the day, as dictated by the pet owners who need you. The big boon of being a driver for companies such as Lyft is that you can set your own hours. Since peak times are before classes start in the morning, as well as evenings and weekends, being a Lyft driver is ideal for the college student. With tips, the average Lyft driver earns about $18 per hour.5. Freelance writer/editorFor creative types, there are a number of freelance opportunities that can be great sources of income. If you fancy yourself a wordsmith, you should consider seeking out freelance writing work, which can entail anything from blogging to creating study content for your fellow students.If you are more comforta ble tidying up text than creating it, you might also find work as a freelance editor. Writers often make as much as $55 an hour and editors earn up to $40- though you can make a lot more than that depending on how quickly you’re able to churn out high-quality work.6. Freelance photographerThe basic features of the smartphones we all carry around have turned all of us into amateur photographers. If your snapping skills are better than the average person’s, you might find work as a freelance photographer. These positions require both the ability to take a superb pic and edit it. There are a multitude of photography fields, but the one that seems to draw the most income is product photography, which can make you around $20 an hour.7. Freelance web designerIf your computer skills extend well beyond editing images, using social media, and blogging, you might have what it takes to be a web designer. Of all the jobs on this list, web designer demands the most specialized skil ls, but the pay is great- at up to $30 per hour.8. FundraiserWalking dogs, transporting passengers, and generating online content can all be effective ways to make some cash, but do they really make the world a better place? If you have loftier goals, you can pursue them while also helping to pay for your education as a charity fundraiser. You’d be getting out the word about a worthy cause to expand awareness and attract potential supporters. If you have experience dealing with the public on a professional level and a knack for networking, you can be making up to $30 an hour during those hours away from your classroom and coursework.

Leadership and Supervision Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Leadership and Supervision - Research Paper Example From the discussion it is clear that the University of Houston tailored the course under the name Bachelor of Science in Organizational Leadership and Supervision (OLS) but the University of South Carolina offers the course under the name Bachelor of Arts in Organizational Leadership.   In the University of the South Carolina (USC), the course markets itself in the community as basing on the Human side of commerce management process. It provides Organizational leadership for people in various industries focusing on encouraging and motivating employees in execution and implementation of the organizational change. These two courses are vital in the development of the management personnel in the in the oil and gas industry thus enhancing profitability, maximizing outputs and creating standard operational mechanisms.This paper highlights that  the USC leadership degree aims at enhancing human leadership through motivation of the employees and facilitation of organizational change. In contrast, HUOLS aims at availing trainees or students with a competitive edge while undertaking leadership and enhanced supervisory responsibilities, especially in technology grounded  Ã‚   organizations. The HUOLS degree deals with the consistently growing and changing complex of engaged leadership in various organizations that mostly base on relying on technology on the daily basis. HUOLS degree is characterized by the provision of empowering approach to the practice to leaders in various firms.  Ã‚  

American Industrialization after the Civil War Essay

American Industrialization after the Civil War - Essay Example This period marked the start of the big budgets of federal government and direct governmental liaisons with the corporate sector, especially those that expanded the railroad lines and other infrastructures. Railroads had immensely contributed in Union victory, hauling supplies and ferrying servicemen. Foner avers that the â€Å"second industrial revolution† was achieved with limited government interference in the corporate sector affairs; businesses developed through self-regulation (512). Civil War had taught the average citizens that real economic emancipation would be achieved if everyone played his or her role as required, especially in demanding moments, such as grappling with water privation and power rationing as well as taking up the arms to defend national goals. The short but often severe conflict taught Americans to not only exercise stoicism, but persevere in order to realize sound economic goals. As the country achieved better economic growth and industrialization transformed the nature of American ideology, the society achieved the growth of middle class, and a generation unique innovations within the industries. The country joined forces in the wake of strong government support, a steady supply of labor and a spirit of sacrifice and determination to achieve a mature industrialized society. Gilded Age political system The Gilded Age saw an ineffective political system that failed to effectively meet its goals, despite the fact that the period experienced remarkable economic and social transformations, which required the input of the political leadership. Although, some political figures made significant contribution during this period in an effort to tackle the challenges faced by the society, most national goals went unattended. The failure of the political leadership can be attributed to a larger proportion of the national leaders, who abandoned their call to formulate good policies for the country, maybe because they ascended to office d ue to their financial muscle, rather than ideology. The â€Å"Politics in a Gilded Age† according to Foner, saw influential businessmen control state institutions from the private sector platforms, to the chagrin of public good (523). The political parties in the Gilded Age were divided by parochial interest. The era was marked by rampant corrupt practices in the political system, a culture that presently would be classified as grand corruption, was the order of the day. Businessmen wantonly bought public officers at all levels of government. Political machinations turned democratic elections into a sham, hence denying voters rightful and deserving leaders. The slim majority between Republican and Democratic political parties made both sides unwilling to make good policies for the good of the country for fear of losing political support. In a nutshell, political accountability in the use of public funds; and few legislations passed by Congress drew the country back in terms o f socio-economic progress. The outcome was that the country made slight achievement of national goals. The Gilded Age and American Freedom According to Foner, â€Å"freedom in the Gilded Age,† was a significant aspect of the era (528). The economic growth of the Gilded Age impacted American freedom in the labor market and the running of business in the country. The period influenced the development of a liberal market, with decreased tariffs, affordable taxes, and low inflation

Belonging Speech Essay Example for Free

Belonging Speech Essay This is reflected through the anthology, â€Å"Immigrant chronicle† written by the Australian-Polish poet, Peter Skrzynecki. Through his knowledge but mainly his own experiences, Skrzynecki conveys the difficulties of belonging, not belonging and the barriers which prevent belonging. He has shown us how valuable a sense of belonging is to a foreigner, as it can emotionally alienate you from your family as w ell as battling to keep up with the forever changing society, famously remembered in the poem ‘Feliks Skrzynecki’. Similarly, in the dystopian novel â€Å"A clockwork orange† written by the English author Anthony Burgess, Alex is a criminal who doesn’t belong anywhere within society. Moreover, the two thousand and three children’s Pixar film â€Å"Finding Nemo† directed by the American, Andrew Stanton, shows the emotional discomfort of the protagonist, Nemo when he is captured and fretful Marlin as he incautiously journeys through the unknown waters to find his son. As we’ve noticed the notions of belonging and what it can provide us emotionally, the eulogy ‘Feliks Skrzynecki’ depicts the dissatisfaction of not belonging. Although the very first line of the poem, â€Å"my gentle father† shows a sign of acceptance and admiration of his father, Skrzynecki’s overall statement shows resentment, dissatisfaction and alienation, â€Å"Watched me pegging my tents further and further south of Hadrians Wall†, Hadrians Wall used as a symbol comparing the differences of his culture and heritage with his father. Likewise the poem ’Migrant hostel’ was written in Parkes, 1949-51, which happened to be during the time of ‘White Australia’ policy. The fact Skrzynecki wrote this poem in ‘Parkes’ he was only further alienating him from where he is and it creates a barrier to society which can damage him emotionally. The first stanza Skrzynecki expresses isolation, dehumanisation, uncertainty and curiosity. That was the environment Skrzynecki lived in for two years. â€Å"Like a homing pigeon† Skrzynecki lived in the chaotic hostel crossing paths with the people he shared a room with. The hostel became a place for everyone to rest which formed a sense of belonging as the reason why they are there together was driven â€Å"By memories of hunger and hate†. To belong is to form a connection which will allow a sense of identity, without this we inevitably lose our humanity, individuality, and the sense of freedom. This notion is elaborated within the novel, A Clockwork Orange, where the government attempts to suppress his criminality by physically preventing him from thinking of violence, making him conform to their standards. Equally, this conception is portrayed in the poem, ‘St Patricks College’. St Patricks College referred to as a microcosm of Alex’s futuristic city of London. Skrzynecki’s ironic imagery of â€Å"Our lady watched with outstretched arms, her face covered with clouds† and later our lady still â€Å"watching above unchanged by 8 years weather† not only questions the stability of concrete statues but imitates the similar involvements of Alex and the governments projects. This restricts Skrzyneckis potential to find a sense of identity as he is held in by Mother Mary with â€Å"outstretched arms†. Similarly, Alex unknowingly got brainwashed and lost his identity, resulting with Alex revolving into a ‘Clockwork Orange’. The loss of identity and individuality in both the novel and poem reinforces the impact a sense of not belonging can have on any human being. Finding Nemo is a complete portrayal of belonging and the fulfilment of emotional needs. The movie started off with a long shot, the whole scene capturing a sense of familial belonging between mother and father, very touchy, whilst looking lovingly over their eggs. After the incident with the barracuda, Marlin’s been scarred for life and becomes obsessed with protecting his surviving son Nemo from physical danger, immediately forming a sense of unity. Similarly, a dark and foreboding representation of a blockage for Marlin, the fish on the rock perhaps a symbol for his fears of what happened to Nemo. This representation is strengthened by the distant camera shot reflecting on Marlins detached connection with Nemo. A mixture of the notion of belonging and the act of over protection may lead to major conflicts and disagreements as the connections with whom you belong to continues to progress. This may result in defiance and the consequence can be much more unexpected than usual. Likewise, when Marlin appears and distrustfully gets in Nemos face or even approaching open water, he insults his son by once again denigrating Nemo’s swimming abilities. Nemo defiantly swims out to the â€Å"butt† and promptly slaps his fin on the boat after he’s been told by his father â€Å"If you put one fin on that boat†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Nemo soon after realises his rebellious act was yet to be paid for as he get scooped up by a scuba diver and placed in a dentist’s fish tank. When Nemo and Marlin reunited, Marlin is given a second chance at parenthood. He allows more space, freedom, trust and respect, in return Marlin receives Nemo’s trust, forgiveness and love. We have noticed how a sense of belonging can fulfil such deep emotions, along with the ability of curing a damaged connection. Ultimately, a method to fulfil ones emotional needs can be achieved through a sense of belonging. This is shown in the anthology, â€Å"Immigrant Chronicle† written by Peter Skrzynecki, which highlights the significance of belonging. Likewise, the text â€Å"Clockwork Orange† written by Anthony Burgess depicts similar aspects of not belonging. Finally, the Pixar film â€Å"Finding Nemo† directed by Andrew Stanton portrays the different a possibilities that may come with defiance of experience, trust and belonging.

cold sassy tree :: essays research papers

Rising Action: 1. Grandpa finds a wife who will live with him for his final days. Mary Lou seems to not like Mrs. Love Simpson living with her father but keeps quite about her disliking. 2. After the wedding, Mrs. Love Simpson has an unexpected visitor carrying an expensive saddle covered in gold and silver pieces. He finds Mrs. Love Simpson and with out saying a word, proceeds to kiss her in a passionate way. A grandpa walk in the door to find them standing in the room with lips interlocked, but doesn’t seem to get mad. He introduces himself like he would any other person. Later they find out he was one of Mrs. Love Simpson’s old boyfriends. 3. When the newly weds come home from a short trip from Atlanta, they are seen riding in a brand new Cadillac. They are now the proud new owners of the first car in Cold Sassy. Then soon decide to turn part of the store into a car dealership to sell more cars to the wealthy people of the town. 4. William is now closer to Grandpa then ever before, but he can’t help but seem like Grandpa is doing something wrong by marrying Mrs. Love Simpson. Along with the rest of the family and town. Climax: 5. It seems that the family has more problems then the rest of the town can ever imagine. Thorton is soon found dead in his own kitchen. William finds a suicide letter to Mary Lou in the bedroom next to the bed. He reads the letter and sees that Thorton did indeed commit suicide, but for reasons that he guesses he cant even find the words for it it’s so awful. The family is devastated but goes on with life. Falling Action: 6. Mrs. Love Simpson can’t help but feel to blame for this unfortunate turn of events and asks Grandpa for a divorce so she can leave and get away from the watchful eye of the town.

Democracy in Nigeria Essay

By May 2009, Nigeria’s nascent democracy should have been a decade. Thus, the thrust of this paper is an in depth analysis of the possibility of sustaining democratic values beyond any sudden reversal. The. paper however, takes a cursory look at the daunting challenges ahead and infers that unless the government increases social expenditure and truncate the current brazen corruption, the hope of democratic consolidation may eventually be a mirage. Key words: democracy, nascent, corruption, state law and order As rightly collated by Decalo1, the events in Africa took scholars by surprise, since most doubted Africa could move towards democracy. Even in the mid-1980’s, one argued that by reason of their poverty or the violence of their politics, African states were unlikely to move in a democratic direction. Another adding that â€Å"to have expected democracy to flourish would have been historical blindness†3, since ‘outside the core (industrialized states) democracy is a rarity, support for Tilly’s thesis ‘why Europe will not occur again – with a few exceptions, the limits of democratic development in the world may well have been reached4. However, despite the doubts and skepticisms openly expressed by scholars, Nigeria, like several other African countries, became democratic. On May 29, 1999 Nigeria became a ‘democratic’ state. Prior to 1999 political transition, Nigeria was under firm military autocracy and absolutism for close to 29 years (since 1966), when the military made their first incursion into Nigeria’s government and politics, following the collapse of the first republic5. It is vital to note that authoritarian governments were interrupted only by a brief period of civilian rule in the Second Republic (1979-1983)6. Thus, Nigeria’s march to constitutional democracy was a chequered one marked by anti-colonial struggles, crises, coups, counter-coups, and a thirty-month agonizing civil war between 1967 and 1970. So far, Nigeria has passed through several phases in her democratization bid viz: (a) era of colonial autocracy and absolutism, that is, period of formal colonialism till October 1st 1960, when the country gained ‘flag’ independence; (b) emergence of constitutional democracy – (1960-1966), (c) the return of military autocracy and absolutism – (1966-1979); (d) restoration of constitutional democracy – (1979-1983); and (e) the second coming of military autocracy and absolutism – (1983-1989) . 7 Since 1989, that Nwabueze made that observation, the polity has added more phases to her democratization bid. With the inglorious ‘stepping aside’ of General Ibrahim Babangida’s administration in 1993, an Interim National Government (ING) was put in place, headed by Chief Ernest Shonekan, handpicked by an unelected military President (General Babangida), thereby making the ING suffer a serious legitimacy crisis ab initio6. The interim contraption collapsed after eighty-two days, following the declaration that it was illegal by a Lagos High Court in a suit instituted by the assumed winner of the June 12, 1993 presidential election – Chief M.  K. 0. Abiola. Cashing-in on the court verdict, General Sani Abacha staged a coup d’etat, dissolved all the extant democratic structures retained by the ING, and once again, returned the country to a fiilJ blown military dictatorship. It was in this state of confusion that Gen. Abacha died in June 8,’ 1998 in a mysterious circumstance. Gen. Abdulsalam Abubakar, who took over after the demise of Gen. Abacha, who h ad a transition programme reputed to be the shortest in the annals of military-midwife political transitions in Nigeria. Eventually, barring all odds, Gen. Abubakar handed over the reins of government to Chief Olusegun Obasanjo (a retired general) in 1999. With the inauguration of Chief Obasanjo’s civilian administration in 1999, hopes were high once again that democracy would be sustained and consolidated. But alas, the military background of Chief Obasanjo became a serious liability on the system when the supposedly democratic government became a replica of dictatorship in its entire facet. By 2003, after the expiration of his first term, his administration conducted a general election, and handed over to itself. This election was generally perceived to have been massively rigged. 9 In 2007, at the expiration of his administration’s constitutionally mandated second term, another general election was conducted to usher in another civil government. This election was remarkable in a number of ways. First, it was after eight tumultuous years of democracy – the longest period since independence from the United Kingdom in I960. 0 Secondly, for the first time in the history of the country, there was a civilian-civilian transfer of power. It would have been even more remarkable if there had been a transfer of power from the ruling party to the opposition. † Meanwhile, the thrust of this paper is an indepth analysis of the major challenges facing the nascent democracy in Nigeria to prevent it from the threats of authoritarian repression or what David Beetham calls â€Å"reverse waves†. 2 It is to these anti-democratic forces that could lead to democratic reverse which had taken place in Mauritania recently via a military coup d’etat that we now turn to. (A) As I have argued elsewhere13, quantitative cross-national research on the economic determinants of democracy and democratization generally consistently reveals that a country’s level of economic development is associated positively and strongly with the extent to which the political systems manifest properties of democracy. There is, therefore, a two-way causal relationship between the economy and sustainable democracy; the state of the economy is the determinant of enduring democracy, but democracy is a key pre-requisite for sustainable economic transformation. The message is: ‘oroad-based economic prosperity sustains democracy, whereas widespread poverty and ignorance undermine it. To mimic President Clinton of U. S. when he was running for office in 1992, ‘it is the economy, full stop! ’14 No doubt. Nigeria is potentially Africa’s largest economy. Every year, the country produces over 200,000 graduates of tertiary institutions (including 65 universities), has the 6th largest gas reserves in the world, eighth largest oil producer (with abundant, but largely untapped natural resources – gold, limestone, among others), and with 60 percent of its arable land lying fallqw. In the words of Soludo (2005), Nigeria has also millions of its citizens in Diaspora (with estimated 100,000 Nigerian medical doctors and scientists abroad). Unfortunately, was not lucky in the first 40 years of its independence with sustained good political governance. In his perceptive public lecture, Charles Soludo, Nigeria’s Central Bank Governor,16 noted further that democracy has not been endured in Nigeria simply because the economic numbers did not add up; whereas, democracy and indeed any form of government must deliver tangible economic benefits to the generality of the citizenry to be credible and sustainable. In a seminal article on ‘What Makes Democracy Endure’, Prezeworski found the empirical evidence that: Once a country has a democratic regime; its level of economic development has a very strong effect on the probability that democracy will survive †¦ emocracy can be expected to last an average of about 8. 5 years in a country with per capita income under $2,000; 33 years between $2,000-$4,000 and 100 years between $4,000-$6,000 †¦ Above $6,000 democracies are to live forever. No democratic system has fallen in a country where per capita income exceeds $6,033. 17 Be that as it may, most African states have few economic potentials of any significance (many literally nothing) that could attract foreign risk capital, which is why entrepreneurs did not flock into them in the past, irrespective of ideology or level of democracy! And to rely on local capital to fuel development is to foredoom many to perpetual marginality. 18 Taking a cue from the same line of argument, Akintunde19, while rationalizing the reasons for the demise of democracy in the first republic, postulated that a democracy which is not founded upon a secure economic base is not likely to succeed because it lacks an essential condition of efficiency. It is unable to fulfill the expectations of its citizens; in the common parlance, it cannot deliver goods. So significant is the economic base that many people have surmised that even communist countries, as they become wealthier, will come to resemble western democracy more and more20. Unfortunately, in Nigeria, as in most of the developing countries, due largely to the poor economic base, the middle class is a very small minority of the population. Western democracy is, therefore, not securely founded because it lacks one of the essential ingredients of success – an influential middle class. This fact, which is sometimes a surprise to African leaders21, was well known to Aristotle more than two thousand years ago. According to Aristotle, ‘when democracies have no middle class and the poor are greatly superior in number, trouble ensues and they are speedily ruined’. The nexus between democracy and the strength of the economy reveals that those who are not rich usually confined to mere voting, political career thus become the privilege of those who are wealthy enough to afford the leisure to devote to politics in most western countries, until the advent of Trade Union M.  Ps. 23Thus, while blaming the politicians, it is worth repeating that, by embarking on western democracy on an inadequate economic base, the Fourth Republic was set on a death course, it was bound to be corrupt. 24 The same scenario is playing itself out in Nigeria presently. No doubt, it is a daunting task in the face of the aforementioned historical evidence to sustain democracy in an economy like Nigeria, where per capita income has been below the $1,000 mark. That, according to Prezeworsk25, poses a serious threat. Considering the nexus between democracy and the economy vis-a-vis the expectation of an average African, Claude Ake (of blessed memory) averred that: The ordinary people of Africa are supporting democracy as a second independence. This time they want independence not from the colonial masters, but from indigenous leaders. They want independence from leaders whose misrule has intensified their poverty and exploitation to the point of being life threatening. And they are convinced that they cannot now get material improvement without securing political empowerment and being better placed to bring public policy closer to social needs. [Nonetheless] democracy is being interpreted and supported in ways that defeat those aspirations and manifest no sensitivity to the social conditions of the ordinary people of Africa. Generally, the political elites who support democratization are those with no access to power and they invariably have no feeling for democratic values. They support democratization largely as a strategy of power†¦Ã‚  The people can (only) choose between oppressors and by the appearance of choice legitimize what is really their disempowerment. 26 In line with the above postulations, Jerry Gana (a one-time Information Minister) admitted, too, that: You know the mentality of our people. If democracy does not produce clean water, if democracy does not produce good roads, transform agriculture, cultivate industrial development, sanitise society, give us power supply, democracy will lose credibility and they may say, na democracy we go chop? 7 The caveat is that where democratic processes do not yield economic returns, a regression to dictatorship cannot be ruled out. This point is clearly stated by Larry Diamond thus: †¦ Many new democracies in Latin America, Eastern Europe, Asia and Africa will probably breakdown in the medium to long run unless they can reduce their often appalling levels of poverty, inequality, and social injustice, and through market oriented reforms lay the basis for sustainable growth. When this is juxtaposed with the admittance by the Central Bank in its 2008 firs’; quarter report released to the public29, the economy is in perpetual crisis. The Apex Bank attributed the high rate of inflation in the country to the erratic power supply. According to the report, the inflation rate on a year to year basis was 7. 8 percent, compared to 6. 6 percent and 5. 2 percent recorded in the preceding quarter and the corresponding period of 2007. The report noted further that inflation rate on a 12-month roving average basis for the first quarter was 5. 8 percent compared with 5. percent recorded in the preceding quarter. Indeed, nothing can be more soothing to the nation’s debilitating power crisis, largely fingered for stunting the economy, rendering it comatose and occasioning a declining industrial sector, whose capacity utilization nosedived to a paltry 20 percent by the end of 2006. Epileptic power supply, a very prohibitive business climate and in consistency in government policies, have combined to smother the country’s industrial sector leading to the closure of multinationals, like Michelin, Panalpina, and other notable firms. The shrinking of the textile sector from 170 in the 60s, 70s, and 80s to 10 in the 90s, also evinces the acute nature of the problem. The recent disclosure by the House of Representatives Committee on Power, which probed the power sector that the country now generates less than a pitiable 1,000 megawatts, makes mockery of the country’s vision of becoming one of the 20 largest and most resilient economies by 2020, compared to South Africa, a country of 42 million people, which generates over 42,000 megawatts. Much of Nigeria’s investment in the power sector has been enmeshed in corruption and enthralled in the lust of the political elite for primitive accumulation. 31 The concomitant effect of poor economy is lingering with the poverty problem. Nigeria’s poverty conundrum has assumed a frightening dimension. In the words of Dr. Magnus Kpakol, Senior Special Assistant to the President and National Coordinator of National Poverty Eradication Program, in a public lecture entitled â€Å"Poverty Solution: The Role of Government in Poverty Eradication† declared that: The number of poor Nigerians could be, put at an estimated figure of 70 million †¦ n 1980, the figure was 28. 1 million. 1985, 46. 3 million; 1992, 42. 7 million; 1996, 65. 6 million and 1999,70. 0 million, 2004,54. 4 million. 32 He gave the statistical breakdown along the six regional levels to be â€Å"North-East, 72. 2 percent; South-East, 26. 7 percent; South-South 31. 5 percent; South-West 43. 1 perc ent; North-Central 67. 0 percent; and North-West, 71. 2 percent†. 33 Undoubtedly, something must be wrong somewhere, for a critical official poverty statistics, which revealed that over half of Nigeria’s 150 million population are poor, is unexplainable going by the abundant human and material resources in the country. The economy was so gloomy that 2007/2008 United Nations Development Programme’s (UNDP’s) Human Development Index (HDI) ratings placed Nigeria at 158th position out of 177 countries. 34 No doubt, democracy is endangered in Nigeria more than ever before. Poverty, want, and squalor are anti-democratic forces in the polity. The only exception is Indian democracy, which has long baffled theorists of democracy. Democratic theory holds that poverty, widespread illiteracy, and a deeply hierarchical social structure are inhospitable conditions for the functioning of democracy. But the historical novelty of Indian democracy was noted by Barrington Moore: Economically (India) remains in the pre-industrial age †¦ But as a political specie, it does belong to the modern world. At the time of Nehru’s death in 1964, political democracy had existed for seventeen years. If imperfect, the democracy was no more sham †¦ Political democracy may seem strange both in an Asian setting and one without an industrial revolution. 36 To avert recapitulation, my earlier work glaringly with empirical data proved the pathetic downslide of Nigeria’s economy over the years with the attendant threat to democratic sustenance. 7 Bruce Baker too in his perceptive piece emphasized much the strength of the economy and sustainable democracy. As a corollary to the aforementioned weak economy, the state, in terms of being weak or strong, matters to the study of threats to democracy both from within and without, as well as one of the common modes of failure of democracy and democratization. 39 Perhaps, the greatest manifestation of a weak state vis-avis sustainable democracy is that it cannot successfully administer a true and fair credible election which is the kernel of democracy. No doubt, one of the. fundamental problems that post-colonial African states are facing is that of how to sustain and consolidate democracy through credible elections. 40 In the whole continent of Africa, few states could lay claim to having genuinely conducted free and fair elections as universally perceived. Hence, election administration that will attain governmental legitimacy after polls has always been a serious concern to electoral scholars. 41 The reason for this is not far-fetched. It is well known that most new states in Africa, Asia, and Latin America are too weak for the assignment. This is why state capacity is one of the major prerequisites for democratic nurturing, sustenance, and consolidation. In the extant literature on democratization and state capacity generally, five elements are crucial to the strength of the state vis: (a) monopoly of the coercive power of society, that is, control of instrument of coercion; (b) the right to improve tax and collect revenue; (c) the power of legal enactment, that is, power to make laws; (d) sovereignty over territory and society; and (e) control of the institutions of the state or state apparatus, i. . bureaucracy. 42 These five elements taken together constitutes the basis of state power and they endow the state with the status of statehood. However, it needs be emphasized that nation states which qualify for the status of statehood may differ in their degree of stateness; some are strong states, and others are weak. No doubt, Nigeria falls into the category of weak or soft states. Like others in her category, Nigeria runs a system, one in which formal rules (laws, officially stated administrative rules and practices, etc. are applied copiously and in a lax manner rather than rigorously and consistently. It is one in which private advantage can be gained and private bargains struck concerning the enforcement or non-enforcement of the rules as when a businessman bribes a tax official. Besides money, another inducement is kinship sentiment while another is the favour of superiors. The consequential effect is that in several cases, individuals may be too powerful than the state in which the rule of law is abused with impunity. Cases of such were too numerous to be mentioned during the last Nigeria’s general elections in April 2007. 43 In a nutshell, the stronger the state in all ramifications, the better for deepening of democratic values in Nigeria. This can be achieved via the entrenchment of state institutions cum congruent political behaviour by the political elite. Perhaps the most crucial of all imperatives for the consolidation of Nigeria’s nascent democracy is the restructuring of the lopsided and structurally imbalance federal arrangement. As rightly noted by Emeka Anyaoku, former Secretary General of the Commonwealth: At the heart of the several conflicts plaguing the Nigerian state today is the consequence of the failure of the practice of true federalism. The power shift debate that characterized the politics of transition from military to civil rule and which has persisted several months after, rose largely out of the frustration of large segments of the population with the structure of the political system that has shut significant sections out of the corridors of power for most of the post-independence period. 4 With Nigeria being one of the most complex societies in Africa, federalism was adopted to integrate the plural and divided societies. This is in line with the perception of early generation of students of inter-group relations or plural societies, which considered federalism an effective way of achieving and preserving both integration and stability in deeply divided societies. Whenever events seemed to demand that a compromise is affected between the necessity for unity and cooperation on a wide territorial basis, â€Å"the temptation is to proffer catch all management formula, such as federalism .. >>45 This tendency to see federalism as a magic wand that can channel irreconcilable inter-ethnic hostility into conciliation and federal cooperation was subscribed to by Carnell, thus: â€Å"in tropical area characterized by extreme cultural and ethnic diversity †¦ federalism comes as something of a political panacea†. 4 In a nutshell, federalism is considered the most appropriate framework for governing multi-ethnic societies. However, recent events in Nigeria clearly demonstrate that the polity is far from being a federation, or alternatively as has been suggested, that Nigeria is not a true or real federation. 47 Since 1954, when the foundation of classical federation for Nigeria was laid,48 the system is still far from being problem-free. The story is that of both ‘political and governmental instability’. 49 Worst still, Nigeria’s ethnic make-up remains what Furnival calls â€Å"in the strictest sense a medley (of people) for they mix but do not combine†.